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GLOSSARY.TXT
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GLOSSARY
This Glossary is designed to help the reader in two sorts of
situations: (1) when encountering a Pali term in this book in a
passage where it is not explained; and (2) when encountering Vinaya
terminology in other books or conversations and wanting to know how
it is defined and/or where it is discussed here. For terms that
have entire chapters devoted to them -- such as //nissaya// and
//pacittiya// -- see the relevant chapter.
//Acariya//: teacher. See Chapter Two and Appendix VIII.
//Acittaka//: a class of offenses carrying a penalty even when
committed unintentionally or with incorrect perception.
//Adhitthana//: determining for use. See NP 1, 3, 21, & 24
and Appendix IV.
//Akkosa-vatthu//: a topic for abuse. See Pacittiyas 2 & 3.
//Anupasampanna//: anyone who has not received full
ordination. With some rules, this includes bhikkhunis; with
others, it doesn't.
//Apalokana//: declaration; the simplest form for a formal act
of the Community, in which a decision is proposed to the
Community in the announcer's own words.
//Bhattuddesaka//: the Community official in charge of meal
distribution. See Pacittiya 32 and Appendix III.
//Bhikkhu//: a male mendicant ordained in the Bhikkhu Sangha,
subject to the training rules of the Bhikkhu Patimokkha and
the Khandhakas (the Mahavagga and Cullavagga).
//Bhikkhuni//: a female mendicant ordained by both the
Bhikkhuni and the Bhikkhu Sanghas, subject to the training
rules of the Bhikkhuni Patimokkha and the eight vows of
respect (//garu-dhamma//). See Pacittiya 21.
//Bhojaniya//: staple food. See the introduction to the Food
Chapter in Chapter Eight.
//Bhutagama//: a living plant in its place. See Pacittiya 11.
//Bijagama//: a plant or part of a plant removed from its
place but capable of growing again if replanted. See
Pacittiya 11.
//Chanda//: consent by proxy. See Pacittiya 79.
//Deva (devata)//: literally, a "shining one" -- a celestial
being.
//Dubbhasita//: wrong speech. See Pacittiya 2.
//Dukkata//: wrong doing, the lightest penalty.
//Garu-bhanda//: a heavy article. Garu-bhanda belonging to
the Sangha includes monasteries and monastery land;
dwellings, land on which dwellings are built; furnishings
such as couches, chairs, and mattresses; metal vessels and
tools; building materials, except for such things as rushes,
reeds, grass, and clay; and articles made of pottery or
wood. See Parajika 2, Sanghadisesa 6, and Pacittiya 81.
//Garu-dhamma//: a vow of respect mandatory for all
bhikkhunis. See Pacittiya 21.
//Hatthapasa//: a distance of 2 1/2 cubits, or 1.25 meters.
//Jhana//: mental absorption. See Parajika 4.
//Kappiya-vohara//: a proper expression, i.e., a way of
expressing a hint or desire allowable in the context of a
rule where an outright command would be a breach of the
rule.
//Kathina//: a ceremony, held in the fourth month of the rainy
season, in which a Community of bhikkhus receives a gift of
cloth from lay people, bestows it on one of their members,
and then makes it into a robe before dawn of the following
day. See NP 1-3 and Pacittiya 81.
//Khadaniya//: non-staple food. See the introduction to the
Food Chapter in Chapter Eight.
//Lahu-bhanda//: a light article. Lahu-bhanda of the Sangha
includes such things as cloth, food, and medicine; small
personal accessories such as scissors, sandals, and water
strainers; and light building materials, such as rushes,
reeds, grass, and clay. See Parajika 2, Sanghadisesa 6, and
Pacittiya 81.
//Leddupata//: the distance a man of average height can toss a
clod of dirt underarm -- approximately 6 meters.
//Loka-vajja//: acts criticized by people in general. See
Chapter One.
//Lokuttara-dhamma//: a transcendent state. See Parajika 4.
//Mahapadesa//: Great Standard for deciding what is and is not
in line with the Dhamma and Vinaya. See Chapter One.
//Manatta//: penance. See the conclusion to Chapter Five.
//Naga//: a special kind of serpent, classed as a common
animal but having magical powers, including the ability to
assume human appearance. Nagas have long been regarded as
protectors of the Buddha's teachings.
//Natti-kamma//: a form for a formal act of the Community in
which a decision is proposed to the Community in a motion
following a set wording.
//Natti-dutiya-kamma//: a form for a formal act of the
Community in which a decision is proposed to the Community
in a motion and one announcement.
//Natti-catuttha-kamma//: a form for a formal act of the
Community in which a decision is proposed to the Community
in a motion and three announcements.
//Niyasa-kamma//: a stripping of status (also called
//nissaya-kamma//, an act of dependence) -- a formal act
whereby a bhikkhu released from dependence is required to
return to dependence under a mentor until he mends his ways.
See Chapter Two.
//Pabbajaniya-kamma//: an act of banishment whereby a bhikkhu
is denied membership in a particular Community until he
mends his ways. See Sanghadisesa 13.
//Pabbajja//: going forth -- ordination as a samanera.
//Paccuddharana//: rescinding from use. See Appendix IV.
//Palibodha//: commitment. See NP 1.
//Pana//: juice drink. See the introduction to the Food
Chapter in Chapter Eight, and Pacittiya 38.
//Pandaka//: a man sexually deviant or deformed. See
Sanghadisesa 2.
//Pannatti-vajja//: acts criticized by the training rules.
See Chapter One.
//Parivasa//: probation. See the conclusion to Chapter Five.
//Pavarana//: (1) an invitation whereby a donor gives
permission to a bhikkhu or a Community of bhikkhus to ask
for requisites. See Pacittiya 47. (2) a ceremony, held at
the end of the Rains Retreat (see //vassa//), in which each
bhikkhu invites the rest of the Community to inform him of
any transgressions they may have seen, heard, or suspected
that he has committed.
//Peta//: a hungry shade -- one of a class of beings in the
lower realms, sometimes capable of appearing to human
beings.
//Pubbayoga//: a preliminary effort leading up to the
commission of an offense.
//Sacittaka//: a class of offenses that carry a penalty only
when committed intentionally and with correct perception.
//Samana//: contemplative. This word is derived from the
adjective //sama//, which means "in tune" or "in harmony."
The samanas in ancient India were wanderers who tried
through direct contemplation to find the true nature of
reality -- as opposed to the conventions taught in the Vedas
-- and to live in tune or in harmony with that reality.
Buddhism is one of several samana movements. Others
included Jainism, Ajivakan fatalism, and Lokayata, or
hedonism.
//Samanera//: literally, a small samana -- a novice monk
observing ten precepts. See Pacittiya 70.
//Sangha//: Community. This may refer to the entire Community
of bhikkhus or bhikkhunis, or to the Community living in a
particular location. In this book I have tried to
distinguish between the two by calling the first //Sangha//,
and the second //Community//, but there are some contexts
where it is difficult to draw a clear line between the two.
//Sangha-bheda//: a schism in the Sangha. See Sanghadisesas
10 & 11.
//Sangha-raji//: a crack in the Sangha. See Sanghadisesa 10.
//Sima//: boundary or territory related to the performance of
formal acts of the Community. See Pacittiya 79.
//Sugata//: Well-gone, an epithet for the Buddha. Sugata
measures are discussed in Appendix II.
//Sutta (suttanta)//: discourse.
//Tajjaniya-kamma//: an act of censure, whereby a Community
may strip a bhikkhu of some of his communal rights if he is
a maker of strife, if he refuses to see or confess an
offense he admits to having committed, or if he criticizes
the Buddha, Dhamma, or Sangha. If he mends his ways, the
act can be repealed. See Sanghadisesa 8, Aniyata 1, and
Chapter Eleven.
//Thullaccaya//: grave offense, the most serious derived
offense.
//Tiracchana-katha//: "animal talk," topics of conversation
inappropriate for bhikkhus. See Pacittiyas 46 & 85
//Tiracchana-vijja//: "bestial/animal knowledge," occult
abilities inappropriate for bhikkhus to practice. See
Parajika 4 and the Samannaphala Suttanta.
//Ukkhepaniya-kamma//: an act of suspension, whereby a
Community may deprive a bhikkhu of his right to associate
with the Sangha as a whole until he mends his ways. See
Pacittiyas 68 & 69.
//Upajjhaya//: preceptor. See Chapter Two and Appendix VIII.
//Upasampada//: acceptance -- full ordination as a bhikkhu or
bhikkhuni.
//Uposatha//: Observance day, the day of the new and of the
full moon; traditionally, in India, a time of special
spiritual practices. The Buddha adopted this as the day for
reciting the Patimokkha.
//Vassa//: Rains Retreat -- a three-month period, generally
beginning the day after the full moon in July (or the
second, if there are two), during which certain restrictions
are placed on the bhikkhus' wanderings; usually considered a
time to accelerate one's efforts in study or practice.
//Vikappana//: an arrangement whereby an item not in use is
placed under shared ownership. See NP 1, Pacittiya 59, and
Appendix V.
//Vissasa//: trust between friends. See Parajika 2 and
Pacittiya 59.
//Yakkha//: one of a special class of powerful "non-human"
beings -- sometimes kindly, sometimes murderous and cruel --
corresponding roughly to the fairies and ogres of Western
fairy tales. The female (//yakkhini//) is generally
considered more treacherous than the male.
//Yojana//: a league -- a distance of ten miles or sixteen
kilometers.
* * * * * * * *